Cuatro pasos básicos para completar un empalme por fusión adecuado:
Paso 1: Preparación de las fibras
1. Retire la cubierta, retirando una cantidad adecuada, generalmente de 2 a 3 m, para empalmar y revestir los tubos de protección y las fibras en la caja de empalme. Deje la cantidad adecuada de elementos de refuerzo para fijar el cable a la caja. Consulte las instrucciones de la caja de empalme para conocer las longitudes necesarias. Limpie todos los materiales que impidan el paso del agua con limpiadores adecuados.
2. Retire los tubos de protección que dejan expuestas las fibras para el empalme. Generalmente, las cajas de empalme requieren aproximadamente 1 m de tubos de protección dentro de la caja y aproximadamente 1 m de fibra dentro de la bandeja de empalme. Limpie todos los materiales que impidan el paso del agua.
3. Cada fibra debe limpiarse completamente antes de pelarla para empalmarla.
4. Cuando esté listo para empalmar una fibra, retire las capas protectoras para exponer la longitud adecuada de fibra desnuda.
5. Limpie la fibra con toallitas adecuadas.
6. Corte la fibra utilizando el proceso apropiado para la cortadora de fibra que se esté utilizando.
7. Coloque la fibra en las guías de la máquina de empalme por fusión y fíjela en su lugar.
Paso 2: Ejecución del programa empalmador
1. Elija el programa adecuado para empalmar por fusión los tipos de fibra que se van a empalmar.
2.The splicer will show the fibers being spliced on the video screen.
3.Fiber ends will be inspected for proper cleaves and bad ones like the one on the right above will be rejected.
4.Automated Splicing
5.Fibers will be moved into position
6.Prefuse cycle will remove any dirt on the fiber ends and preheat the fibers for splicing
7.The fibers will be aligned using core alignment method for that splicer
8.The fibers will be fused by an automatic arc cycle that heats them in an electric arc and feeds the fibers together at a controlled rate
9.When fusion is completed, the splicing machine will inspect the splice and estimate the optical loss of the splice. It will tell the operator if a splice needs to be remade.
10.The operator will remove the fibers from the guides and attach a permanent splice protector by heat-shrinking or clamping clam shell protectors.
Step 2: Evaluating Splices
Visually inspect splice after the program has run, using both X and Y views. Some flaws that do not affect optical transmission are acceptable, as shown. Some fibers (e.g. fluorine-doped or titanium coated) may cause white or black lines in splice region that are not faults. (Graphic from Sumitomo manual)
Some flaws are unacceptable and require starting the splicing process over. Some, like black spots or lines, can be improved by repeating the ARC step, but never more than twice. For large core offsets, bubbles or bulging splices, always redo. (Graphic from Sumitomo manual)
Step 4: Protect the fiber
Protecting the fiber from bending and tensile forces will ensure the splice not break during normal handling. A typical fusion splicing have tensile strength between 0.5 and 0.5 pounds, and won't break during normal processing, but it still needs to protect from excessive bending and drag force. Use heat shrinkable tube, silica gel, and/or mechanical crimping protector will remain joint protection from external elements and breakage.
In general, fusion splicing takes a longer time to complete than mechanical splicing. Also, yields are typically lower making the total time per successful splice much longer for fusion splicing. Both the yield and splice time are determined to a large degree by the expertise of the fusion splice operator. Fusion splice operators must be highly trained to consistently make low-loss reliable fusion splices from Fiber-MART. For these reasons the fusion splice is not recommended for use in Navy shipboard applications.
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