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Fiber optic connector, also called optical fiber connector or fiber connector, is used to terminate the end of fiber optics where a connect or disconnect capability is required. The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibers so light can pass. Every fiber connection has two values – Attenuation and Reflection. Better connectors lose very little light due to reflection or misalignment of the fibers. Due to its diversity, fiber optic connectors are the largest number of optical passive devices and now there have been about 100 fiber optic connectors introduced to the marke with different standards and applications.
The essential elements found in most types of connectors are:
- ferrule – used to align the core inside the connector.
- Alignment sleeve – used to mate the 2 ferrules together. This is loosely held inside the through – connector.
- Anti-rotation device – to prevent rotation of the ferrules, and thus end face damage. Also critical for APC connectors.
- An end-pressure control device (spring) – to control the end pressure on the ferrules. This is critical to control return loss.
- A strain-relief system
- Low insertion loss
- High return loss (low amounts of reflection at the interface)
- Ease of installation
- Low cost
- Reliability
- Low environmental sensitivity
- Ease of use
Fiber optic connectors can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multimode connectors, as well as other issues such as plastic and as the transmission medium of optical fiber connector; connector structure can be divided into: FC,SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, the MT and so on.
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